It consists of a functional or cosmetic surgical procedure designed to reshape the upper or lower eyelid by removing and/or repositioning excess tissue as well as strengthening the surrounding muscles and tendons. When a significant amount of skin is present on the eyelid, it can hang over the eyelashes and cause loss of peripheral vision. The outer and upper parts of the visual field are most commonly affected, and the condition can cause difficulty with activities such as driving or reading. Patients with a less severe amount of excess skin may undergo a similar procedure for cosmetic reasons, to improve bags in the lower eyelids and reduce wrinkling of the skin.

Blepharoplasty is performed through external incisions made along the natural lines of the eyelids, such as the creases in the upper eyelids and below the eyelashes in the lower eyelids, or along the inner surface of the lower eyelid. It is an outpatient surgery because it does not require a hospital stay and recovery is rapid.